TfL combines open and closed loop systems, using Oyster Cards, contactless card payments, and NFC Google or Apple pay, alongside physical ticketing. Transport for London (TfL) has long been regarded ...

Miroslav Katsarov is the CEO of Modeshift, a technology company bringing intelligent transportation to small- and mid-size transit agencies. Open-loop payments have emerged as a high-profile trend in ...

This new study of pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes from France and Belgium investigated the effectiveness of insulin delivery via closed-loop and open-loop systems. Closed-loop delivery of ...

People with type 1 diabetes require continuous insulin treatment and must regularly measure their glucose levels. With open-loop therapies*, insulin administration is manually controlled, while hybrid ...

An ecosystem-specific digital payment system called a "closed-loop wallet" enables consumers to make purchases solely from one brand, retailer, or service provider. Users can add money to their ...

The best health plan is one that gets used. In this increasingly competitive world, where consumers have their pick of insurance providers through the Marketplace and the average Medicare Advantage ...

In 2012, Automation World published an article looking at the decision factors faced when choosing electric or pneumatic actuators. More than a decade later, manufacturing engineers and OEMs still ...