In biology the relationship of what eats what and how energy passes through an ecosystem is called a food chain. Pyramids can help give us an overall picture of a particular food chain. They can ...

Theory predicts that bottom-heavy biomass pyramids or 'stacks' should predominate in real-world communities if trophic-level increases with body size (mean predator-to-prey mass ratio (PPMR) more than ...

Macroscopic ecosystem properties, such as major material pathways and community biomass structure, underlie the ecosystem services on which humans rely. While ecologists have long sought to identify ...