Beyond direct neutralization, antibodies induce, through their crystallizable fragment (Fc) domain, innate and adaptive immune responses critical to a successful host immune response against infection ...

There are four subclasses of IgG antibodies, in both humans and mice, whose Fc regions differ in their ability to activate effector responses. Two theories have been proposed to explain these ...

Following infection, naïve CD8⁺ T cells bearing pathogen-specific T cell receptors (TCRs) differentiate into a mixed population of short-lived effector and long-lived memory T cells to mediate an ...

Many G protein-coupled receptor-mediated responses desensitize within minutes. Sustained stimulation of µ-opioid receptors (MORs), which primarily signal through Gi/o proteins, leads to activation and ...

The conditions inside our body must be carefully controlled if the body is to function effectively. The conditions are controlled in two ways with chemical and nervous responses. A long fibre (axon) ...

Researchers at the Medical University of Vienna have taken a closer look at a previously largely unknown component of the immune system: the protein molecule TRAT1 (T Cell Receptor Associated ...