The nucleolus serves as the central hub for ribosomal DNA (rDNA) transcription and ribosome biogenesis, processes essential for protein synthesis and cellular proliferation. rDNA transcription is ...

Transcription and translation are processes a cell uses to make all proteins the body needs to function from information stored in the sequence of bases in DNA. The four bases (C, A, T/U, and G in the ...

Within a cell, DNA carries the genetic code for building proteins. To build proteins, the cell makes a copy of DNA, called mRNA. Then, another molecule called a ribosome reads the mRNA, translating it ...

This image highlights two alternatives for the ribosome to be recruited to an mRNA that is still being synthesized by RNA polymerase (RNAP). RNAP (left, red) can directly deliver the mRNA to the entry ...

Rush hour never ceases at the nucleus’ border. Gene products begin their lives in the nucleus as strands of mRNA that ship out into the cytoplasm, where they serve as templates for protein synthesis.