The hypothalamus is involved during the coordination of neuroendocrine functions in vertebrates and their evolutionary origin can be described using integrated transcriptome or connectome brain maps ...

When tetrapods (four-limbed vertebrates) began to move from water to land roughly 390 million years ago it set in motion the rise of lizards, birds, mammals, and all land animals that exist today, ...

Well before evolving to help vertebrates breathe underwater, gills played an early and equally important role regulating the salt and pH balance of blood, according to surprising new research. Gills ...

A research team at Yunnan University has resolved a longstanding mystery regarding Earth’s earliest vertebrates, revealing ...

What did the very first complex vertebrate brain look like? To find out, scientists turned to an unlikely time traveler: the lamprey, a jawless, eel-like fish whose body plan has barely changed in ...