This report presents the main results of the 40th round of the Survey on the Access to Finance of Enterprises (SAFE) in the ...

The theme of this COP is “Taking Action for Nature’’. We have talked about the need for action for long enough. Now we need ...

Firms reported a further net tightening of bank loan interest rates and other loan conditions related to price and non-price ...

The adoption of the regulation will make it possible to complete the rulebook with the technical rules necessary for the ...

The microdata underlying the aggregate results are available in the Data and methodological information section of the ECB ...

Yet amid all this uncertainty, one thing is clear: climate change and nature degradation will continue to shape our economies ...

The ECB injects liquidity through its refinancing operations (currently the main refinancing operations and the longer-term ...

Despite a sharp rise in energy prices in early 2026, the euro area economy has proved resilient. This blog examines how decreased vulnerability to energy shocks, policy support and the global AI ...

Bringing together experts across disciplines from 18 countries and three continents to discuss how we can ensure resilience ...

From Keynes’s famous “digging holes” example to modern stabilisation policy, Economics has come a long way in understanding ...

Has food inflation lost its bite? In this blog we explain why food inflation has fallen sharply, why new pressures are ...