Abstract: In this letter, we present a method for realizing the heat-evoked nociceptive withdrawal reflex (NWR) in the upper limb of a humanoid robot so that it can avoid the potential damage caused ...
Micturition or urination is the process of emptying urine from the storage organ, namely, the urinary bladder. The detrusor is the smooth or involuntary muscle of the bladder wall. The urethral ...
PD-code: V[16,20,15];V[25,30,7];X[13,12,11,3];X[14,12,15,9];X[28,27,29,20];X[32,28,21,11];X[3,21,16,13];X[7,26,9,10];X[24,14,26,30];X[27,32,24,23];X[10,29,23,25] ...
Neurons or the nerve cells form the basic components of the nervous system. A typical neuron possesses a cell body called as soma, hair like structures called as dendrites and an axon. Dendrites are ...
Reflexes are automatic and involuntary actions the body produces in response to certain stimuli. While some reflexes can involve muscles and movement, others involve internal processes within the body ...
Abstract: Cephalopods can swiftly merge into the surroundings by changing their skin color even without the involvement of brains. Inspired by this ability, we designed a tunable, environment- ...
Reflex arc. A neural pathway that controls a reflex. very fast response to a heat stimulus that does not involve the brain. Upon receiving the signal from the motor neuron, the effector muscle in the ...
In this section, we claim that the Deweyan and elementalist reflex arc could be separately traced back to two radically different origins of “reflex.” The problem of reflex used to be a big challenge ...
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